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DExtreme heat often brings extreme wildfires,and this year is no exception,withunprecedented heat waves fueling enormous outbreaks of fires in the western United States andCanada,as well as across the Mediterranean and in Siberia.But paradoxically,the most intensewildfires can have the opposite effect on temperatures,cooling Earth's surface both regionallyand globally.Thick wildfire smoke can temporarily block sunlight near the ground,causing regionaltemperatures to drop by several degrees.Wildfire smoke can also have global cooling effects bymaking clouds in the lower atmosphere more reflective or blocking sunlight in the upperatmosphere,similar to what a volcanic eruption does.The effect is far too small to counteract human-caused global warming;researchers say it'stoo early to predict what it means for the broader climate system.But with fire seasons growingmore intense around the world and triggering a range of extreme fire weather in North Americaand elsewhere,the search for answers is growing increasingly urgent.Smoke particles act as seeds for water vapor to form clouds that are smaller and reflectmore sunlight.While smoke tends to rain out of clouds fairly quickly,the Australian bushfiresraged for months,pumping more and more cloud-brightening smoke into the atmosphere."It'snot a big effect,but when you integrate over the entire Southern Ocean,it adds up,"one of theresearchers says.While this research highlights the cooling effects of smoke in the lower atmosphere,onoccasion,wildfire smoke can reach even higher altitudes into the stratosphere,the layer thatstarts about 10 miles up.There,it can have additional effects on the climate.Smoke reaches thestratosphere when heat from a powerful wildfire creates an updraft that combines with moisturein the atmosphere to generate towering thunderclouds.However,scientists have only recently begun studying these effects."We might still be inthe infancy of understanding how large and how important the effects of these wildfires are,"scientists say.32.What probably causes extreme wildfires to cool the earth globally?A.Extreme wildfires can result in volcanic eruption.B.Wildfire smoke covers sunlight above the ground forever.C.The smoke blocks less sunlight in the higher atmosphere.D.The clouds in the lower atmosphere reflect more sunlight.33.What does the underlined word"raged"probably mean in Paragraph 4?A.Spread.B.Stopped.C.Released.D.Strengthened.34.What can we infer from the text?A.Scientists need further studies of the effects of wildfires.B.Extreme wildfires are the consequence of global warming.C.Wildfire smoke means a lot to the climate system of the earth.D.Smoke at higher altitudes has the most impact on cooling earth.35.Where does the text probably come from?A.A science fiction.B.A research report.C.A geography textbook.D.A science magazine.英语试卷第6页共10页