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A handful of stencils (and three pens sound like materials fora child's art project.But researchers have now used these tools to drawfunctional health monitors directly on human skin.Wearable sensor technology,which helps doctors check a variety ofhealth indicators,has in recent years advanced from heavy equipment toflexible patches ()These sensors can be expensive,however.They also tend to follow skinimperfectly,making them sensitive to the wearer's move.Researchers say that a new drawn-on-skin electronics system could offer a solution to both problems.A team led by biomedical engineer Faheem Ershad of the University of Houston firstdeveloped a conductive ink that is safe to use on human skin.The researchers loaded the ink intoballpoint pens,then placed a stencil made of tape and film on a volunteer and followed within it todraw the simple circuit diagram.Within five minutes the ink dried to create a workingsensor.The researchers then taped on a standard electrical line to provide power and send data toa computer.Using just this type of ink,the team measured skin hydration (and the electricalactivity of heart and skeletal muscles.Because the sensor stuck perfectly to the skin,wearerscould walk around without jarring it and thus reducing data quality.The ink didn't take in sweatand was easily removed with a wet paper towel and soap.For more advanced equipment,Ershad's team used two additional inks:one served as asemiconductor,and the other acted as an object to prevent electricity.Drawing different layers(with each ink,the researchers made temperature and strain (sensors on a sheet ofskin-like object."The authors already presented many very attractive applications,"says ZhengYan,a biomedical engineer at the University of Missouri.Yan and his colleagues have developedsimilar technology using pencils and paper,but their method is limited to passive conductors thatcannot introduce energy into a circuit.Ershad says that he hopes to create high-tech sensors todiscover health indicators ranging from elements in sweat to the brain's electrical activity.The researchers plan to eventually make their sensors truly wireless by combining moreadvanced ink-based circuits.After that achievement,they say,people could use affordable sets ofstencils and pens to carefully watch their own health at home.高一英语试卷第5页（共10页）5/10